I roto i te umanga keri me te tukatuka kohuke hou, ko tētahi o ngā wero tino pumau ko te whakatau i ngā paru—he matūriki tino pai rawa atu te rahi, he iti iho i te 44 maikoroni te rahi, ā, ka taea te whakararu i ngā tukanga whakaora o raro -7 -9 . Ko te awhiowhio tango paru, he hydrocyclone motuhake, kua puta hei otinga tino nui mō te tango i ēnei paru raruraru i mua i te taenga ki te mānu, te wehenga ā-papa, me ētahi atu wāhanga whakapai ake -3 . E tūhuratia ana e tēnei tuhinga ngā mātāpono mahi, ngā tono, me te pānga whakarerekētanga o ngā awhiowhio tango paru i roto i ngā mahi keri puta noa i te ao.
He aha te Awhiowhio Desliming?
He taputapu whakarōpū te huripokihana tango-parauri e whakamahi ana i te kaha porowhita hei wehewehe i ngā matūriki i runga i te rahi me te mātotoru. Ka whāngaihia te paru ki roto i te wāhanga o runga porotaka, ka hangaia he awhiowhio porowhita. Ka panaia ngā matūriki matotoru, taumaha ki waho, ki raro hoki i te pakitara kōne, ka tukuna mā te rere o raro (tīpako). Ka neke ngā matūriki angiangi, māmā ake—ngā parai—ki roto, ki runga hoki me te awhiowhio o waenganui, ka puta mā te puhake -22.
He rerekē ngā hydrocyclones tuku iho e whakamahia ana mō te whakarōpūtanga ara iahiko mira, he mea hanga motuhake ngā cyclone tango-parauri hei tapahi i ngā tapahi tino angiangi—he maha ngā wā i te 30 ki te 44 microns—ka kore e whai hua te tirotiro, ā, ka kore e whai hua -7 -9 . Nā te hoahoa kiato, te kaha teitei, me te ngāwari o te whakahaere, koinei te whiringa pai mō ngā tono tango-parauri puta noa i te umanga keri -22.
He aha te Hiranga o te Whakakore i te Paraimere
Ehara i te mea he para koretake noa iho ngā paru; ka whakaitihia te mahi tukatuka kohuke. I roto i ngā ara iahiko pōturi, ka taea e ngā paru te kai i ngā matū whakapuru me te kore e whai hua ki te tukanga whakaora, ā, ka taea te whakanui ake i te makuku o te hua whakamutunga -3 . I roto i ngā pūnaha wehenga ā-papa pērā i ngā porowhita, ka whakararuraru ngā paru i te tukanga wehenga -3 . Mō te whakarite waro, he maha ngā wā kei roto i te wāhanga -44 micron te nui o te pungarehu e neke atu ana i te 30%, ā, kāore e taea te whakaora -9.
He nui ngā tūponotanga ōhanga. I te tipu rino o Vale i Vargem Grande 2 i Brazil, ko te toharite o ngā ngaronga paru he 18% te taumaha o te katoa o te konganuku e keria ana—he rite ki te 1.9 miriona tana o te rino e ngaro ana i ia tau -16– . Ehara i te mea ko te moni whiwhi anake te mea e ngaro ana, engari ko te pikinga ake o ngā utu whakahaere para me ngā herenga taiao.
Ngā Whakamahinga Matua puta noa i te Ahumahi Keri
Te Whakamahinga o te Rino
He mea nui te mahi a ngā awhiowhio tango-para i roto i te tukatuka i te rino, inā koa ka memeha haere ngā rahui kounga teitei, ā, ka huri ngā kaiwhakahaere ki ngā konganuku iti iho te kounga -5 . He nui ngā wero tukatuka mō ngā para pai rawa atu—ko te nuinga he rino, he alumina, me te silica—nā te rahi tino pai me te matatini o ngā mineralogi -5.
Nā ngā mahi auaha hou kua tino whakapai ake i te mahi tango paru. Ko te hydrocyclone CAVEX® 2 CVD a Weir Minerals, kei roto ko te whakaurunga porowhita laminar LIG+™ matatau e whakaiti ana i te turbulence, i eke ki te pikinga 9 ōrau i roto i te whakaora papatipu i te tipu VGR2 a Vale, e whakapiki ana i te whakaora ki te 56% -16 -18 . I whakanuia hoki e te hoahoa hou te kaha rōrahi mā te 30% pea, e āhei ai ngā awhiowhio mahi e rima ki te whakakapi i ngā waeine e whitu i te wā e noho ana i te tapuwae kotahi -16 -18.
I te maina Khonbond a Tata Steel i Īnia, i reira ka puta he paru tino pai (≤30 μm) me ngā uara rino pai mai i te konganuku limonitic, nā te whakaurunga ki ngā hydrocyclones CAVEX® 2 400CVD i taea ai e te mahi te whakatutuki i te whainga hua rino 8% i kore i taea i mua e ngā taputapu tikanga -5.
Te Tukatuka Miara
I roto i te whakarite waro, ka whakatakotoria ngā awhiowhio tango-parauri i mua i ngā pūwero porowhita hei tango i ngā rauemi tino-kikokore, he nui te pungarehu kāore e taea te whakamahi mā ngā porowhita . Ko te ia o te ahumahi e pai ana ki te whakaiti i te maha o ngā waeine whakahaere, me te pai ake ki ngā awhiowhio whānui ake me ngā pūwāhi tapahi matotoru . Heoi, ko te arotahi nui ake ko te whakaiti i ngā pūwāhi tapahi hei whakaiti i te ngaronga o ngā rauemi matotoru ki te waipuke.
Kua kitea he tino whai hua ngā ara iahiko porowhita-rua-wāhanga mō te tango paru waro. Ka tapahia he tapahi 150-micron noa iho e te porowhita tuatahi 500-mm, ko te porowhita tuarua 250-mm, 150-mm rānei ka tutuki he wehenga 70-micron pai ake -9 . Ka whakamahia e tēnei huarahi ngā āhuatanga ā-roto o ngā rahi porowhita rerekē hei whakatutuki i ngā wehenga koi ake i ngā pūnaha kotahi-wāhanga -9.
Parahi me ngā Konganuku Turanga
He nui te paru kei roto i ngā konganuku parahi waikura, ā, he ngāwari te ngaro o ngā kohuke parahi i te wā e whakapūmautia ana -4 . Kua whakaatuhia e ngā whakamātautau ahumahi ko te tāpiri i tētahi pūnaha tango paru āwhiowhio i mua i te whakapūmautanga ka taea te whakapai ake i te whakaoranga. I tētahi mahi, ko ngā paru whakapūmautanga parahi whanariki i tukatukahia mā te ara iahiko tango paru āwhiowhio i tutuki ai te whakatauranga kukū parahi waikura whānui 24.63% Cu me te whakaoranga 85.55%—he nui ake te pai ake i te whakapūmautanga whanariki tika anake -4.
Ngā Kohuke Phosphate me ngā Kohuke Ahumahi
I roto i te tukatuka i te konganuku phosphate, he mea nui te tango i te paru hei whakanui ake i te whiriwhiri i te rerenga wai i raro i te wai -22 . Heoi anō, ka mōrearea hoki te ngaronga o ngā kohuke whai phosphate ki ngā paru. Kei te whakamahia ngā tikanga whakatauira me te whakaata matatau hei arotau i ngā āhuahanga awhiowhio me ngā āhuatanga whakahaere, me te whakataurite i ngā painga o te tango paru ki ngā ngaronga o ngā kohuke utu nui -22.
Mō te tukatuka ilmenite pai-kikokore, kua whakaatuhia e te pepa rere tango-parauri te cyclone+flotation flowsheet he iti ake te whakamahinga o te matū me ngā taumata kukū titanium pai ake i ngā momo wehenga aukume+flotation, e tutuki ana i te 47.06% TiO₂ i te 59.03% whakaora -1.
Nga Whakaaro Hoahoa me nga Mahi Pai
He iti ake te whānui o ngā awhiowhio tango-parauri i ngā awhiowhio whakarōpūtanga—he maha ngā wā mai i te 100 mm ki te 250 mm—kia pai ake ai te tapahi . Heoi , ki te nui te rere o te wai e hiahiatia ana, me nui pea ngā waeine e hiahiatia ana . E whakanui ana ngā hoahoa hou i te ngāwari o te tiaki, me ngā taupoki o runga e taea ai te tango i ngā awhiowhio takitahi hei whakatika me te kore e momotu i te whāngai, i te paipa waipuke rānei.
Ko ngā taurangi whakahaere matua ko te pēhanga whāngai, te diameter o te tihi, me te diameter o te kimi vortex – . Ko ngā awhiowhio te mea tino whai hua i ngā kukū totoka iti iho, engari ko ngā tipu e ngana ana ki te whakaiti i te whakamahinga wai ka pana kia whiwhi i te kukū totoka teitei rawa atu e whakaaetia ana—he tauwhitinga e hiahia ana kia ata tauritehia -3.
Ko te roa o te mau he mea nui anō hoki. He mea hanga ngā āwhiowhio tango-parauri mai i ngā rauemi ātete-mau pērā i te polyurethane hei tū atu ki te āhua whakakoi o ngā paru kohuke – . Inaianei kei te tukuna e ngā kaihanga ngā āwhiowhio i roto i ngā diameter mai i te 3 inihi ki te 42 inihi, me ngā kaha tae atu ki te 5,800 GPM, i hangaia mō te mahi pakari, tonu –.
Ko te Raina Raro
I te mea kei te tukatuka haere tonu ngā mahi keri i ngā konganuku iti te kounga, ā, kei te aro atu hoki ki ngā ture taiao tino kaha, ka nui haere te hiranga o ngā awhiowhio tango paru. Ehara i te mea he taputapu āwhina noa iho ēnei taputapu iti—he mea nui hoki hei āwhina i te whakaora kohuke whai hua, e pā tika ana ki te hua o te tipu, te kai matū, te kounga o te hua, me te whakahaere paru -3 . Me ngā auahatanga tonu i roto i te hoahoa awhiowhio me te whakamahinga o ngā taputapu whakatauira matatau mō te arotau, kei te whanake tonu ngā awhiowhio tango paru hei tētahi o ngā taputapu tino kaha me te tino whai hua i roto i ngā taputapu a te kaihanga tukatuka kohuke –.
Mō ngā mahi keri e whai ana ki te whakanui ake i te whakaoranga me te whakaiti i te para, ehara i te mea kōwhiringa te haumi ki te hangarau tango paru me ngā tikanga whakahaere tika mō te awhiowhio—he mea nui rawa atu.
