Kwishishini lanamhlanje lezemigodi kunye nokucubungula izimbiwa, enye yezona ngxaki ziqhubekayo kukujongana ne-slimes—iisuntswana ezincinci kakhulu ezihlala zincinci kunee-microns ezingama-44 ezinokuchaphazela kakhulu iinkqubo zokubuyisela emva -7 -9 . I-Desliming cyclone, i-hydrocyclone ekhethekileyo, ivele njengesisombululo esibalulekileyo sokususa ezi ntlawulo zinzima ngaphambi kokuba zifikelele kwi-flotation, ukwahlulwahlulwa komxhuzulane, okanye ezinye izigaba zokuzuza -3 . Eli nqaku lihlola imigaqo yokusebenza, ukusetyenziswa, kunye nempembelelo yokuguqula ii-desliming cyclones kwimisebenzi yezemigodi kwihlabathi liphela.
Yintoni iNkanyamba ebangela ukuHlupheka?
I-Desliming cyclone sisixhobo sokwahlulahlula esisebenzisa amandla e-centrifugal ukwahlula amasuntswana ngokusekelwe kubukhulu kunye noxinano. I-slurry ifakwa kwi-tangentially kwicandelo eliphezulu le-cylindrical, okwenza i-spiral vortex. Amasuntswana amakhulu nanzima anyanzeliswa ngaphandle nasezantsi eludongeni lwekhowuni, ekhupha nge-underflow (i-apex). Amasuntswana amancinci, alula—amasuntswana ahamba ngaphakathi naphezulu nge-central vortex, ephuma nge-overflow -22.
Ngokungafaniyo neehydrocyclones eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukwahlulahlula iisekethe zokugaya, ii-desliming cyclones zenzelwe ngokukodwa ukwenza ukusika okuncinci kakhulu—ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-30 ukuya kwi-44 microns—apho ukuvavanya kuba yinto engabizi kakhulu kwaye kungasebenzi kakuhle -7 -9 . Uyilo lwazo oluncinci, amandla aphezulu, kunye nokulula kokusebenza kuzenza zibe lolona khetho lukhethwayo lokufaka ukususwa kwe-slimi kwishishini lezemigodi -22.
Kutheni Kubalulekile Ukungakhathali
I-Slimes ayisiyonkunkuma nje engasebenziyo; iyonakalisa ukusebenza kokucutshungulwa kwezimbiwa. Kwimijikelezo yokudada, i-slimes inokusela ii-reagents zokudada ngaphandle kokufaka ixabiso kwinkqubo yokubuyisela kwaye inokunyusa umxholo wokufuma wemveliso yokugqibela -3 . Kwiinkqubo zokwahlulahlula umxhuzulane ezifana ne-spirals, i-slimes iyayithintela inkqubo yokwahlulahlula -3 . Ukulungiselela amalahle, iqhekeza le-minus 44 micron lidla ngokuba nomxholo wothuthu odlula i-30%, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ngokwezoqoqosho ukubuyisela -9.
Ingozi yezoqoqosho inkulu kakhulu. Kwisityalo se-iron ore saseVale eVargem Grande 2 eBrazil, ilahleko ze-slimes zimalunga ne-18% ngokobunzima be-iron iyonke eyombiweyo—elingana ne-1.9 yezigidi zeetoni ze-iron ezilahlekayo ngonyaka -16 – . Oku akubonisi nje kuphela ingeniso elahlekileyo kodwa kunye nokunyuka kweendleko zolawulo lwe-tailings kunye noxanduva lokusingqongileyo.
Izicelo Eziphambili Kushishino Lwemigodi
Uncedo lwe-Iron Ore
Iinkanyamba ezisusa uthuli zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekucutshungulweni kwesinyithi, ingakumbi njengoko iindawo zokugcina ezikumgangatho ophezulu ziphela kwaye abaqhubi bejika baye kwiintsimbi ezikumgangatho ophantsi -5 . Iimveliso zenkunkuma ezicoliweyo—ezihlala zenziwe ngesinyithi, i-alumina, kunye ne-silica—zizisa imingeni ebalulekileyo yokucubungula ngenxa yobukhulu bazo obucolekileyo kakhulu bezinto ezincinci kunye ne-mineralogy enzima -5.
Izinto ezintsha zakutshanje ziphucule kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle. I-Weir Minerals' CAVEX® 2 CVD hydrocyclone, ene-LIG+™ laminar spiral inlet ephucukileyo enciphisa i-turbulence, ifumene inzuzo ye-9% kwi-mass recovery kwi-VGR2 plant yaseVale, yandisa i-recovery ukuya kwi-56% -16 -18 . Uyilo olutsha lukwandise umthamo we-volumetric malunga ne-30%, luvumela ii-cyclone ezintlanu ezisebenzayo ukuba zithathe indawo yeeyunithi ezisixhenxe ngelixa zithatha indawo efanayo -16 -18.
Kwimigodi yaseKhonbond eTata Steel eIndiya, apho i-limonitic ore ivelisa i-ultrafine slimes (≤30 μm) enexabiso elihle lesinyithi, ukufakwa kwakhona kwi-CAVEX® 2 400CVD hydrocyclones kwenze ukuba umsebenzi ufikelele kwi-8% ye-iron value target eyayingafumaneki ngaphambili ngezixhobo zesiqhelo -5.
Ukwenziwa kwamalahle
Xa kulungiswa amalahle, ii-desliming cyclones zihlala zibekwe phambi kwe-spiral concentrators ukuze kususwe izinto ezinomlotha omninzi, ezingenakwenziwa zibe luncedo nge-spirals – – . Le ndlela yoshishino ikhetha ukunciphisa inani leeyunithi ezisebenzayo, apho ii-cyclones ezinkulu ezinobubanzi kunye neendawo zokusika eziqinileyo zikhethwa – . Nangona kunjalo, ingqwalasela iyanda ekunciphiseni iindawo zokusika ukuze kuncitshiswe ukulahleka kwezinto eziqinileyo xa zigcwele –.
Iisekethe zeenkanyamba ezinezigaba ezibini zibonakalise ukuba zisebenza kakhulu ekususeni amalahle. Inkanyamba yokuqala engama-500 mm yenza ukusika okuqhelekileyo okungama-150 micron, ngelixa inkanyamba yesibini engama-250 mm okanye engama-150 mm ifumana ukwahlula okuncinci kwama-70 micron -9 . Le ndlela isebenzisa iimpawu zendalo zobukhulu obahlukeneyo beenkanyamba ukuze kufezekiswe ukwahlula okubukhali kuneenkqubo zesigaba esinye -9.
Isinyithi seCopper kunye neSiseko
Iintsimbi zeCopper oxide zihlala ziqulathe umxholo ophezulu weslime, kunye neeminerali zeCopper ezisengozini yokulahleka ngexesha lokuhluzwa -4 . Uvavanyo lwemizi-mveliso lubonise ukuba ukongeza inkqubo yokususa i-cyclone ngaphambi kokuba i-flotation iphucule kakhulu ukubuyiselwa. Kwinkqubo enye, iintsalela ze-copper sulfide flotation ezicutshungulwe ngesekethe yokususa i-cyclone zifumene i-copper oxide concentrate epheleleyo ekumgangatho we-24.63% Cu kunye ne-85.55% recovery—esebenza ngcono kakhulu kune-direct sulfidizing flotation yodwa -4.
Iiminerali zePhosphate kunye nezeMizi-mveliso
Kwinkqubo ye-phosphate ore, i-desliming ibalulekile ekwandiseni ukukhetha kwi-flotation esezantsi -22 . Nangona kunjalo, ikwabeka emngciphekweni wokulahlekelwa ziiminerali ezithwele i-phosphorus kwi-slimes. Iindlela eziphambili zokumisela kunye neendlela zokulinganisa ngoku ziyasetyenziswa ukuphucula iijometri ze-cyclone kunye neemeko zokusebenza, kulungelelaniswa iingenelo zokususwa kwe-slime ngokuchasene nokulahlekelwa ziiminerali ezixabisekileyo -22.
Kwi-ilmenite processing fine-grained, i-desliming cyclone+flotation flowsheet ibonakalise ukusetyenziswa kwe-reagent okuphantsi kunye namanqanaba aphezulu e-titanium concentrate xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zokwahlulwa kwe-magnetic+flotation, ifikelela kwi-47.06% TiO₂ kwi-59.03% recovery -1.
Iingqwalasela zoyilo kunye neZenzo eziGqwesileyo
Iinkanyamba ezisusa ulwelo zihlala zincinci ngobubanzi kuneenkanyamba zodidi—zidla ngokuba yi-100 mm ukuya kwi-250 mm—ukuze kufezekiswe iindawo ezincinci zokusika – – . Nangona kunjalo, xa kufuneka kuphathwe amazinga amakhulu okuhamba kwamanzi, inani elikhulu leeyunithi linokufuneka – . Uyilo lwanamhlanje lugxininisa ukugcinwa okulula, kunye nezigqubuthelo eziphezulu ezivumela iinkanyamba ukuba zisuswe ukuze zilungiswe ngaphandle kokususa ukutya okanye ukugcwala kwemibhobho –.
Izinto eziphambili ezisebenzayo ziquka uxinzelelo lokutya, ububanzi be-apex, kunye nobubanzi be-vortex finder - . Iinkanyamba zisebenza kakuhle kakhulu kumanqanaba aphantsi ezinto eziqinileyo, kodwa izityalo ezifuna ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi zinyanzela ubuninzi bezinto eziqinileyo obuvumelekileyo - urhwebo olufuna ukulinganisela ngononophelo -3.
Ubomi bokunxiba yenye into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe. Ii-Desliming cyclones zenziwe ngezinto ezingagugiyo ezifana ne-polyurethane ukuze zimelane nendalo yokurhawuzelelwa kwe-mineral slurries - . Abavelisi ngoku banikezela ngee-cyclones ngobubanzi ukusuka kwi-intshi ezi-3 ukuya kwi-intshi ezingama-42, ezinomthamo ofikelela kwi-5,800 GPM, ezenzelwe umsebenzi oqinileyo noqhubekayo -.
The Line Bottom
Njengoko imisebenzi yemigodi iqhubeka nokucubungula ii-ore ezikumgangatho ophantsi kwaye ijongene nemithetho engqongqo yokusingqongileyo, indima yokususa ii-cyclone iya kukhula ngokubaluleka. Ezi zixhobo zingenantlonelo azizozixhobo ezincedisayo nje kuphela—zizinto ezibalulekileyo ezibangela ukubuyiswa kwezimbiwa ngokufanelekileyo, zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo isivuno sezityalo, ukusetyenziswa kwee-reagent, umgangatho wemveliso, kunye nolawulo lweentsalela -3 . Ngobuchule obuqhubekayo kuyilo lwee-cyclone kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokulinganisa eziphambili zokuphucula, ii-cyclone zokususa ii-chlorine ziyaqhubeka nokuguquka njengenye yezona zixhobo zinamandla nezingabizi kakhulu kwizixhobo zenjineli yokucubungula izimbiwa –.
Kwimisebenzi yemigodi efuna ukukhulisa ukubuyiswa kwayo nokunciphisa inkunkuma, ukutyala imali kubuchwepheshe obuchanekileyo bokunciphisa umngcipheko weenkanyamba kunye neendlela zokusebenza akubalulekanga—kubalulekile.
