Isingeniso

I -vibration exciter —eyaziwa nangokuthi i-shaker noma i-modal exciter—iyithuluzi elikhethekile elisebenzisa amandla okudlidliza alawulwayo ezakhiweni, izingxenye, noma izinto zokuhlola, ukuhlaziya, kanye nezinjongo zokulinganisa -7 . Kusukela kubunjiniyela bezindiza kanye nezimoto kuya engqalasizinda yomphakathi kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-elekthronikhi, ama-vibration exciter abe ngamathuluzi abalulekile okuqinisekisa ukuthembeka komkhiqizo, ukuqina, kanye nokuphepha. Lesi sihloko silandelela ukuvela okuphawulekayo kobuchwepheshe be-vibration exciter kusukela ekuqaleni kwayo ngesikhathi sempi kuze kube namuhla, futhi sihlola izitayela ezivelayo ezizokwakha ikusasa laso enkathini ye-Industry 4.0, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, kanye nobunjiniyela obuqhubekayo.

Ukuthuthukiswa Komlando Kwezinto Ezivusa Ukudlidliza

Imvelaphi Yokuqala Yemishini (Ngaphambi Kwama-1940)

Izisekelo zomqondo zokuvuselela ukudlidliza zibuyela emuva ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Ngo-1880, izazi zesayensi yefiziksi zaseFrance uPierre noJacques Curie bathola umphumela we-piezoelectric—ikhono lamakristalu athile lokukhiqiza ishaja kagesi ngaphansi kokucindezeleka komshini – . Lokhu kutholakala, okwalandelwa ukuhlonza kukaGabriel Lippmann umphumela we-piezoelectric ophambene ngo-1881, kwabeka isisekelo sama-actuator nama-exciter e-piezoelectric esizayo – . Ngo-1917, uPaul Langevin wayesethuthukise ama-actuator e-piezoelectric aphendulayo ukuze kukhiqizwe umsindo ngaphansi kwamanzi, ubuchwepheshe obuzothola kamuva ukusetshenziswa ekuhlolweni kokudlidliza –.

Kodwa-ke, i-vibration exciter yesimanje njengoba siyazi ayizange ivele kwaze kwaba yilapho izidingo zempi yaphakathi nekhulu lama-20 zisheshisa intuthuko yayo.

Ukuphumelela kweMpi Yezwe II

Ukuhlolwa kokudlidliza kusetshenziswa ama-shakers kuye kwabhalwa phansi kusukela eMpini Yezwe II, yize ama-mechanical shakers okuqala ayelinganiselwe kakhulu—akhawulelwe kuma-frequency angu-85 Hz kuphela futhi afanelekela kakhulu ukuhlola izakhiwo zokukhathala zezingxenye zesakhiwo -14 – . Le mishini yokuqala yayithembele ekuxhumaneni kwemishini, ubuningi obungavamile, kanye nezinye izindlela zemishini kuphela zokukhiqiza ukudlidliza, okunikeza ukulawula okulinganiselwe kanye nokunemba.

Isikhathi sangemva kwempi saphawula isikhathi sokuguquka okuphawulekayo. Ngo -1946, i-electrodynamic electrodynamic (ED) shaker yokuqala yezentengiselwano yethulwa , yaletha cishe amakhilogremu angu-200 amandla (≈1 kN) - . Lokhu kuphumelela kwaguqula ukuhlolwa kokudlidliza kusuka ekhonweni le-niche kwaba yitshe lesisekelo sezindiza, izimoto, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokuzivikela - . I-electrodynamic shaker, esekelwe ezimisweni zokusebenza zesikhulumi esivamile - esine-diaphragm ethathelwe indawo yindawo yokufaka eyisicaba - yanikeza ububanzi bemvamisa obungakaze bubonwe kanye nokunemba kokulawula -.

Umjaho Wesikhala Usheshisa Ukuqamba Izinto Ezintsha

Izinhlelo zasemkhathini zeminyaka yawo-1960—ikakhulukazi iGemini ne-Apollo—zaqhubekisela phambili intuthuko esheshayo kwezobuchwepheshe bokuhlola ukudlidliza -14 . Isidingo sokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwezinto zikagesi kanye nezakhiwo ezindaweni zokwethulwa okukhulu kanye nezindawo zasemkhathini sashukumisela imboni ukuthi ithuthukise amathuluzi okuhlola ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ama-electrodynamic shakers anamandla amakhulu akwazi ukwenza izivivinyo ezifika ku-2,000 Hz nangaphezulu abe yindinganiso entsha yokuhlolwa kweziqu ezindizayo -14.

Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, kwasungulwa ama-electromagnetic exciters okuhlola izakhiwo ezijikelezayo, kanti izinhlelo zokusebenza zakuqala zazigxile ekuhlolweni kwe-propeller ngaphandle kwesidingo sezinjini zezindiza -11 . Izinhlobonhlobo zemishini yokudlidliza yemishini eyayitholakala ngaphambi kwalesi sikhathi zenze kwaba nzima ukuqhathanisa imiphumela yokuhlolwa kuwo wonke amalabhorethri—inkinga ama-electrodynamic shakers asiza ukuyixazulula ngokusungula izinqubo zokuhlola ezijwayelekile -14.

Inguquko Yedijithali (1970–2010)

Inkathi yabalawuli be-vibration banamuhla yaqala maphakathi nawo-1970 ngokuvuthwa kwekhompyutha encane kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-fast-Fourier transform (FFT) yokuhlola ukudlidliza okusebenzayo -1 . Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ebolekwe kwezinye izinkambu yaveza isigaba esisha sabalawuli be-digital closed-loop abakwazi ukusebenzisa izinhlobo eziningi zokuhlola—i-sine, i-random, kanye ne-shock—ngaphakathi kwesistimu eyodwa -1.

Iminyaka engama-30-35 edlule kusukela ngo-1970 kuya ku-2010 imelela inkathi yegolide yentuthuko esheshayo kubuchwepheshe bokulawula ukudlidliza -1 . Izinhlelo zokulawula ukudlidliza kwedijithali zavela ngezizukulwane ezine ezihlukene: amayunithi azimele, izinhlelo ezisekelwe ku-PC, ukucushwa okuxhunywe ku-PC, kanye nezakhiwo ezixhunywe ngokugcwele -1 . Enye yezinhlelo zokuqala zokulawula ukudlidliza kwedijithali yathuthukiswa yi-Hewlett Packard maphakathi nawo-1970 -.

Ngasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1970 kwaphinde kwabonakala okunye ukusungula izinto okusha okubalulekile: ifilosofi yokuklama "i-moving driver coil" eyayibusa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-electrodynamic shaker yaphikiswa ukwethulwa komklamo we-Induct-A-Ring armature, owaqala ukukhiqizwa ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1970 -.

Emerging Technologies Ema Kabusha Imboni

Ukuhlolwa Kwemvamisa Ephakeme kanye ne-MEMS

Ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwezinzwa ze-MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) kudale izinselelo ezintsha zokuhlola. Njengoba izinzwa ze-MEMS zisetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-smartphone, amayunithi okulawula izimoto, nakwezinye izindawo ezigcwele i-elekthronikhi, zibhekene nokuchayeka ekuphazamisekeni kokudlidliza okuvama kakhulu okuvela emithonjeni efana nabaguquli be-DC-DC kanye nezinzwa zeminwe ze-ultrasonic -2.

Ngenxa yalokho, kuye kwathuthukiswa ama-vibration exciter akwazi ukusebenza kuma-megahertz frequency. Isibonelo, i-SPEKTRA's SE-16 vibration exciter ifinyelela ama-frequency angu-100 kuya ku-200 kHz ngokunciphisa ama-mass ashukumisayo ukuze ishintshe ama-resonance frequency aye phezulu -2 . Kuma-frequency anjalo aqine kakhulu, ama-accelerometer endabuko awasafaneleki njengezinzwa zokubhekisela, okwenza kudingeke ukusetshenziswa kwama-laser vibrometers ukuze kulinganiswe futhi kulawulwe -2.

Izinhlelo Ezihlakaniphile, Ezixhunyiwe kanye Nemboni 4.0

Imakethe ye-vibration measurement exciters ingena esikhathini sokuguqulwa okusheshayo, okuqhutshwa yintuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe bokuhlola, izidingo zokuthobela imithetho ezishintshashintshayo, kanye noshintsho oluqhubekayo kumaketanga okuphakelwa komhlaba wonke -5 . Njengoba ukwenziwa kwedijithali kukhula, i-exciters ehlanganiswe kakhulu iba yinto ebalulekile ekufezeni ukutholwa kwedatha ngesikhathi sangempela kanye nokuhlaziywa kokusebenza kokubikezela ngaphakathi kwezimo zokuhlola ezenzakalelayo -5.

Izimiso ze-Industry 4.0 zivumela ukusebenzisana okukhulu, nezinhlangano zishintshela ekusebenzeni kokuhlola okuzenzakalelayo nokuxhunywe ngedijithali ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kanye nokunemba kwedatha -5 . Ama-drive e-variable frequency, ukucushwa kwe-modular mounting, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezinzwa okuthuthukisiwe kuvumela ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela kwe-vibration amplitude, izinga lokushisa, kanye nempilo yemoto, okuvumela amasu okulungisa okubikezelayo anciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi esingalindelekile futhi andise izikhawu zesevisi -6.

Ubuhlakani Bokwenziwa Namawele Edijithali

Ubuchwepheshe be-digital twin—okudala umlingani obonakalayo wempahla ebonakalayo—buvela njengethuluzi elinamandla lokuhlola nokuhlaziya ukudlidliza. Ama-digital twin angabikezela ukuziphatha kwesistimu ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukene futhi, ngokusebenzisa idatha yesikhathi sangempela, avumele izinqumo ezinolwazi oluhle zokuklama nokulungisa – . Ukwenziwa ngcono okuqhutshwa ukufunda komshini kusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokulawula ukudlidliza, ngemiklamo elungiselelwe ehlanganiswe kumapulatifomu e-digital twin okuqapha nokulawula ukudlidliza okuqondiswe kuhlelo lokusebenza –.

Izinto Ezithuthukisiwe Nokuzinza

Intuthuko kwezesayensi yezinto zokwakha iqhuba inzuzo enkulu yokusebenza kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko kuyo yonke imakethe ye-vibration exciter -6 . Abacwaningi bathuthukisa izinto ze-ceramic ezilula, ezizinzile ngokushisa ezingathatha indawo yezinto zendabuko ze-piezoelectric ezisekelwe ku-lead - . Lezi zinto ezithuthukisiwe zinikeza ubuningi obuncishisiwe, ukumelana nokukhathala okuthuthukisiwe, kanye nokusebenza okuncintisanayo uma kuqhathaniswa nobuchwepheshe obukhona.

Ukufakwa kwama -magnet ahlala njalo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle nokulawula kungenye indawo yokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo - . Ubambiswano oluhlelekile phakathi kwabakhiqizi nezikhungo zocwaningo lusheshisa ukusungulwa kwezinto ezintsha kwisayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo, okuholela kuma-actuator alula futhi ahlala isikhathi eside akwazi ukusebenza ngokuqhubekayo -5.

Izinhlelo Zokuvunwa Amandla Nezisebenza Ngokwakho

Umngcele okhulayo ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini yokuvuna amandla eqhutshwa ukudlidliza yezinhlelo ze-IoT ezizisebenzisayo. Imishini Yokuvuna Amandla Ethuthukisiwe Ye-Parametric Resonance (PRE-EH) ifinyelela ubuningi bamandla obuphindwe ka-10-100 kunemiklamo yendabuko, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuzwa isikhathi eside, okungenakulungiswa ezindaweni lapho izixazululo zamandla ezivamile zingasebenzi khona - -.

Ukubuka Kwemakethe

Imakethe yokulinganisa ukudlidliza komhlaba wonke ilungele ukukhula okukhulu, okulindelwe ukuthi ifinyelele ku- $9.51 billion ngo-2033 , ngesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esihlanganisiwe (i-CAGR) esingu-13.69% kusukela ngo-2025 kuya ku-23 . Lokhu kwanda kuqhutshwa ukwanda kwesidingo kuzo zonke izinhlaka zezimoto, izindiza, izinto zikagesi, kanye nobunjiniyela bomphakathi, lapho ukuhlolwa kokufaneleka komkhiqizo okuqinile kanye nokuqina kubaluleke kakhulu -23.

Isifunda sase-Asia-Pacific kulindeleke ukuthi sibone ukukhula okusheshayo kakhulu, okuqhutshwa ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni okusheshayo kanye nokukhula kokutshalwa kwezimali kwe-R&D -23 . Okwamanje, iNyakatho Melika neYurophu ziyaqhubeka nokuhola imakethe ngenxa yengqalasizinda yazo yezimboni esezinzile kanye namakhono ocwaningo athuthukile -23.

Isiphetho

Kusukela kuma-mechanical shakers eMpi Yezwe II anqunyelwe ku-85 Hz kuya ezinhlelweni zanamuhla ze-electrodynamic kanye ne-piezoelectric ezisebenza kuma-megahertz frequency, i-vibration exciter ishintshe kakhulu. Uguquko lwedijithali lwawo-1970 no-1980 lwaletha ukulawula nokuguquguquka okungakaze kubonwe ngaphambili, kuyilapho izinhlelo zasemkhathini zawo-1960 zanikeza ugqozi lwamakhono okuhlola ama-high frequency aba amazinga embonini.

Uma sibheka phambili, imboni ye-vibration exciter imi ekuxhumaneni kwezitayela eziningi zokuguqula: ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye namawele edijithali avumela ukuhlolwa okuhlakaniphile, ukuxhumana kwe-IoT okusiza ukutholwa kwedatha ngesikhathi sangempela kanye nokugcinwa kokubikezela, izinto ezithuthukisiwe eziletha ama-actuator alula futhi asebenza kahle, kanye nezinto ezibalulekile zokuzinza eziqhuba imiklamo eyonga amandla kanye nokuvunwa kwamandla okudlidliza. Njengoba izimboni ziqhubeka nokudinga ukuthembeka okukhulu, ukunemba, kanye nokusebenza kahle, ama-vibration exciter azohlala emathuluzi abalulekile—athuthuka njalo ukuze abhekane nezinselele zesimo sobuchwepheshe esiyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe.